Biology notes on plants morphology for ssc

In this article we will discuss about the morphology of plants i.e. the structure and various parts of plants. This topic is important as per exam perspective.  Question from this topics are frequently asked in SSC CGL EXAM.

Morphology:

Morphology is the branch of biology of that deals with the study and forms of various parts of plants. It includes the external structure of plant such as stem, root, leaves, etc.

Root:

Primary roots are developed from the radicle of embryo.These roots are further develops into tertiary roots.Roots are always developed in soil.Roots are of two types i.e. Tap root and Adventitious root.

Modification of Tap roots:

 

Modification of Adventitious Roots:

 

Stem:

Stem is that portion of plant which grows upwards.It is develop from plumule

Modification of Stem:

Morphology of Leaves:

Its main function is to make food through photosynthesis.

Leaf are made up of leaf base, petiole and lamina.

At the base of leaf small leaf like structure called stipules are present.

 

 

Morphology of Flower:

Flower is the reproductive part of the plant.Flower are generally modified shoot.

Various parts of flower are as follows:

Androecium:

It is the male sex organ develops pollen grain.Its unit is stamen.Anther and filament are part of stamen.

Gynoecium:

It is the female reproductive organ.Its unit is carpel.Ovary, Style and Stigma are three different part  of Carpel.

Pollination:

The process of reaching of pollen grains to stigma is called pollination.There are two type of pollination i.e. Self- pollination and Cross-pollination.

Fertilization:

The process of fusion of male nucleus with egg cell is called fertilization.Fertilized egg is called zygote.In angiosperms the fertilization is triple fusion whereas in other category of plants it is double fusion.

Parthenocarpy:

When fruit are developed without fertilization i.e. in ovary this is called parthenocarpy.These types of fruits are seedless, example- Banana, Papaya, Orange, Grapes, Pine-apple etc.

Fruit and seeds:

Fruit is the ripened ovary developed after fertilisation.Seeds are mature ovule developed after fertilisation.

Fruits are divided into three parts:

Simple fruits like Banana, Guava etc.Aggregate fruits like strawberry, custard apple etc.Composite fruits like jackfruit and mulberry

Some fruit and their edible parts: